Delegated Legislation | English Legal System - İngiliz Hukukunda Devredilmiş Mevzuat

 

Delegated Legislation in the English Legal System

Introduction

This briefing document summarises the key concepts of delegated legislation within the English legal system, as presented in the provided source. The source contrasts delegated legislation with primary legislation, highlighting its function, different forms, and relationship to parliamentary sovereignty. While the focus of the source is not on an in-depth analysis of delegated legislation, it aims to introduce the topic and give a basic understanding of the various forms this legislation takes in the UK.

Key Themes and Ideas

• Delegated Legislation Defined: The source defines delegated legislation as law made not by Parliament, but by an individual or organisation that has been granted the authority to do so by an Act of Parliament. This is a key distinction, separating primary lawmaking (Parliament) from secondary lawmaking (other bodies given power to legislate by Parliament).
• "A piece of delegated legislation is the process by which law is made not by Parliament but by a particular individual or organization on the basis of authority which is granted to them by Parliament by a piece of primary legislation."
• Enabling Legislation: Primary legislation, passed by Parliament, that grants the authority to create delegated legislation is referred to as enabling legislation. It provides the framework and limits for the secondary lawmaking.
• "Within this relationship you see that primary legislation is sometimes referred to as the enabling legislation because what it does is it enables the delegated legislation to exist"
• Parliamentary Sovereignty: The source addresses concerns that delegated legislation might undermine parliamentary sovereignty. It notes that even though law is not passed directly by Parliament, delegated legislation is still regulated by acts of Parliament, and is subordinate to primary legislation. This is key, as it means that Parliament retains ultimate power.
• "The answer to that question is of course no because even though it goes through the privy Council and under the authorities of government it is still regulated by a number of pieces of legislation that is passed by parliament"
• Efficiency and Flexibility: Delegated legislation is presented as a way to address issues that need quick and adaptable changes without having to go through the full process of primary legislation. It provides efficiency.
• "Some of the reasons why this is so useful is because there's lots of Regulation that may take place that may require um reform or or or law makinging be done in a quite quick and simple manner"

Three Main Types of Delegated Legislation

The source identifies three primary forms of delegated legislation:

1. Orders in Council:

• Made by the Privy Council (Prime Minister and senior government members).
• Used by the government to pass laws without the direct, explicit consent of Parliament, although it does require an act of parliament to grant it power.
• They're used in specific circumstances regulated by enabling legislation.
• The source uses the Civil Contingencies Act of 2004 as an example of enabling legislation for Orders in Council that allow the government to make law during a state of emergency.
• "...we have the Civil contingencies Act of 2004 that is the enabling legislation that is the primary legislation that is passed by Parliament that allows for the privy Council to make law in a state of emergency"

1. Statutory Instruments:

• Rules created by specific government ministers within their areas of policy.
• Ministers are authorized to do this under a specific piece of enabling primary legislation.
• The source uses the example of the Ministry of Justice making changes to police codes of practice under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) as a relevant and important example.
• "A good example of a statutory instrument is the ministry for justice making changes to the police codes of practice under the police and criminal Evidence Act"

1. Bylaws:

• Laws made by local authorities and councils.
• Typically regulate matters of local concern (e.g. parking restrictions, cycle lanes)
• Councils are subjected to Parliament, and their ability to make bylaws is granted by enabling legislation.
• "...things like parking restrictions or cycle Lanes um these are going to be obviously regulated by the council"

Key Facts & Important Takeaways

• Delegated legislation is a significant element of the English legal system.
• It allows for a more flexible and responsive approach to lawmaking than relying solely on primary legislation passed by Parliament.
• While not made directly by Parliament, delegated legislation is still subject to parliamentary oversight and authority through enabling legislation.
• Understanding the different forms of delegated legislation, particularly Orders in Council, Statutory Instruments, and Bylaws, is vital for comprehending how law is made and implemented in the UK.

Conclusion

The source provides an introduction to delegated legislation, showing its various forms and explaining how it interacts with and is subordinate to primary legislation within the English Legal System. It should be understood, that it is a crucial element of the legal system that facilitates the practical application of the law. This summary provides a foundation for further exploration of the topic.

Bu belge, İngiliz Hukuk Sistemi içinde "Delegated Legislation" (Devredilmiş Mevzuat) konusunu ele alan bir kaynağın incelenmesiyle oluşturulmuştur. Belge, devredilmiş mevzuatın ne olduğunu, türlerini ve önemini vurgulamaktadır. Kaynak, konuyu İngiliz hukuk sistemi bağlamında ele almaktadır.

Ana Temalar ve Önemli Fikirler:

• Delegated Legislation Tanımı:Delegated legislation, kanun yapma yetkisinin Parlamento tarafından bir kişi veya kuruluşa devredilmesiyle oluşan mevzuattır.
• Kaynakta şöyle denmektedir: "a piece of delegated legislation is the process by which law is made not by Parliament but by a particular individual or organization on the basis of authority which is granted to them by Parliament by a piece of primary legislation."
• Enabling Legislation (Yetkilendirme Mevzuatı):Devredilmiş mevzuatın varlığını ve oluşturulmasını sağlayan ana mevzuat "enabling legislation" olarak adlandırılır.
• "within this relationship you see that primary legislation is sometimes referred to as the enabling legislation because what it does is it enables the delegated legislation to exist."
• Delegated Legislation Türleri:Orders in Council (Bakanlar Kurulu Kararnameleri):Başbakan ve diğer yüksek hükümet yetkililerinden oluşan Privy Council tarafından çıkarılır.
• "orders in Council are made by the privy Council um the privy council is made up of the Prime Minister and other higher authorities within government."
• Parlamentonun doğrudan onayı olmadan kanun çıkarma imkanı sağlar, ancak bu yetki enabling legislation ile sınırlıdır.
• Örneğin, Civil Contingencies Act 2004, Privy Council'in acil durumlarda kanun yapmasına izin verir.
• Statutory Instruments (Yasal Düzenlemeler):Belirli bir politika alanındaki hükümet bakanları tarafından oluşturulan yasa ve kurallardır.
• "statutary instruments are laws and rules which are created by specific government ministers under a particular policy field."
• Primary legislation tarafından yetkilendirilir.
• Hızlı ve basit bir şekilde düzenleme yapılmasına olanak tanır.
• Örneğin, Adalet Bakanlığı'nın Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) kapsamında polis davranış kurallarında değişiklik yapması.
• Bylaws (Yerel Yönetmelikler):Yerel yetkililer ve belediyeler tarafından çıkarılan kanunlardır.
• "a bylaw is simply a type of law that can be made by local authorities and local councils."
• Yerel düzeyde düzenlemeler yapılmasına olanak tanır (örneğin, park yasakları, bisiklet yolları).
• Parlamento tarafından düzenlenir ve ona tabidir.
• Delegated Legislation'ın Önemi:Parlamento'nun iş yükünü hafifletir.
• Hızlı ve esnek düzenlemeler yapılmasına olanak tanır.
• Yerel ihtiyaçlara uygun çözümler üretilmesini sağlar.

Olası Eleştiriler:

• Delegated Legislation, Parlamenter egemenliği zayıflatabilir mi? Kaynakta, bu endişenin yersiz olduğu, çünkü devredilmiş mevzuatın her zaman Parlamento tarafından çıkarılan "enabling legislation" ile düzenlendiği vurgulanmaktadır.
• Devredilmiş mevzuatın denetimi nasıl sağlanır?

Sonuç:

Devredilmiş mevzuat, İngiliz hukuk sisteminin önemli bir parçasıdır. Parlamento'nun iş yükünü azaltırken, hızlı ve esnek düzenlemeler yapılmasına ve yerel ihtiyaçlara uygun çözümler üretilmesine olanak tanır. "Enabling legislation" ile sıkı bir şekilde düzenlenmesi, parlamenter egemenliğin korunmasını sağlar.

Türkçe Açıklama:

Bu brifing belgesi, İngiliz Hukuk Sisteminde "Devredilmiş Mevzuat" olarak bilinen kavramı özetlemektedir. Devredilmiş mevzuat, Parlamento'nun kanun yapma yetkisini başka kişi veya kurumlara devretmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan yasal düzenlemelerdir. Bu belge, bu mevzuat türünün ne olduğunu, çeşitlerini ve önemini vurgulamaktadır. Belge, devredilmiş mevzuatın, Parlamento'nun iş yükünü azaltarak daha hızlı ve esnek düzenlemeler yapılmasına olanak sağladığını ve yerel ihtiyaçlara uygun çözümler üretilmesine yardımcı olduğunu belirtmektedir. Ayrıca, devredilmiş mevzuatın Parlamenter egemenliği zayıflatabileceği endişesi ele alınmakta ve bu tür mevzuatın her zaman Parlamento tarafından çıkarılan bir "yetkilendirme yasası" ile düzenlendiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu sayede, Parlamento'nun kontrolü korunmaktadır.