The English Legal System - İngiliz Hukuk Sistemi

The English Legal System

Introduction

This document provides a summary of a series of lessons on the English Legal System, primarily designed for university students studying law in England and Wales. The lessons aim to give a foundational understanding of how the English legal system works, its structure, and the roles of its various components. It is emphasized that this study is crucial for understanding other areas of law, like contracts or criminal law. The series will cover the sources of law, the court system, and the legal professionals involved.

Key Themes and Concepts

• Precise Terminology: The importance of using precise terminology when referring to the legal system is highlighted. The term "English Legal System" specifically refers to the legal framework operating in England and Wales, not the UK legal system as a whole.
• Quote: "...when we talk about the English legal system what we're doing is referring to a very specific and detailed and precise thing we're talking about the legal system which structures law in England and Wales..."
• Distinction from UK and Other Legal Systems: The briefing stresses that the UK is made up of different countries each having their own legal system. The English legal system is distinct from that of Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the broader UK system.
• Quote: "…depending on which of the countries within the United Kingdom you are in will depend on the legal system in question."
• England and Wales as a Unified Legal Jurisdiction: The legal systems of England and Wales have developed in conjunction with each other since around the 1200s, leading to a shared "common law" tradition. This is why they are studied together as a single entity.
• *Quote: "ever since around the 1200s England and Wales have had merged and co-developing legal systems such that the common law the English common law has developed within both jurisdictions…" *
• Devolution: It is noted that recent devolution, particularly in Wales with the Government of Wales Act, has led to the creation of laws that can be specific to that country. The impact of devolution is planned for coverage in later lessons on constitutional and administrative law.
• Scotland's Separate Legal System: Despite being part of the United Kingdom, Scotland maintains a separate legal system rooted in the Act of Union of 1707. This act specifically preserved Scots Law, resulting in distinct legal traditions.
• Quote: "...the act of Union of 1707 within title 19 of this active Union specifically it noted that while Scotland was to join with England in the united in the United Kingdom... Scots law the Scottish legal system would be preserved within Scotland."
• Scope of the Series: The course focuses on the general administration and creation of law, rather than specific areas of law like family or medical law. Case studies from different areas may be used as examples but the series is on the mechanics and principles of the system. Specific courses on criminal and civil justice systems are planned separately.
• Quote: "…we're going to be focusing on just the way in which law is administered and made generally holistically..."
• Importance of Understanding the English Legal System The course highlights how essential it is for students of the law to understand the inner workings of the English legal system. A good foundation in this area will assist students in their further study of specific areas of law.
• Quote: "...this is going to be knowledge and skill that is going to be vital for your understanding of how law operates within this jurisdiction."

Course Content Outline

The series will cover the following main topics:

• Sources of Law:Parliamentary law-making (Statutes and Legislation).
• Interpretation of statutory legislation.
• The structure of courts and the creation of the common law.
• Principles of precedent (stare decisis, ratio decidendi).
• External sources of law (International law, treaties, EU influence).
• Courts and Tribunals:Structure of the judiciary.
• Types of courts and their distinctions (Civil vs. Criminal jurisdiction).
• Administration of law in courts and tribunals.
• Principles of judicial appointment (Independence and security of tenure).
• Legal Professionals and Access to Justice:The roles of barristers and solicitors.
• Legal ethics.
• Legal aid and funding.
• Access to justice issues (Civil and criminal).

Future Series

Separate series are planned to provide more detailed coverage of the criminal justice system and the civil justice system.

Conclusion

The series is designed to be a vital introduction to the English legal system for all students of law. It aims to give a solid understanding of its foundations, its workings and its structure. The lessons lay the foundation for more detailed study of specific legal fields and areas. By understanding the general principles and structure, students will have a more complete view of the various areas of the law that operate within England and Wales.

İngiliz Hukuk Sistemi

Giriş:

Bu belge, İngiliz Hukuk Sistemi dersinin ilk bölümünden alıntılanan kaynak metinlerinin bir özetini sunmaktadır. Amaç, İngiliz Hukuk Sisteminin temel kavramlarını, kapsamını ve önemini anlamaktır. Bu dersin, İngiltere ve Galler'deki hukuk fakültesi öğrencileri için temel bir giriş niteliğinde olduğu ve diğer hukuk alanlarının anlaşılması için gerekli temeli sağladığı belirtilmektedir.

Ana Temalar ve Fikirler:

1. Tanımlar ve Kapsam:

• İngiliz Hukuk Sistemi teriminin, İngiltere ve Galler'deki hukuku yapılandıran belirli ve detaylı bir sistemi ifade ettiği vurgulanmaktadır.
• Birleşik Krallık (BK) kavramından farklıdır, çünkü BK içinde farklı hukuk sistemleri (örneğin, İskoç Hukuku) bulunmaktadır.
• "İngiliz Hukuk Sistemi" terimi, İngiltere ve Galler'i kapsar, çünkü bu iki bölgenin hukuk sistemleri, 1200'lerden beri ortak hukuk (common law) temelinde birlikte gelişmiştir. "The legal annexation of Wales was achieved by parliament in the Wales Act of 1535."

1. Birleşik Krallık ve Hukuk Sistemleri:

• BK'nin İngiltere, Galler, İskoçya ve Kuzey İrlanda'dan oluştuğu, ancak her birinin farklı hukuk sistemlerine sahip olduğu açıklanmaktadır.
• İskoç Hukuku'nun, İngiliz Hukuk Sistemi'nden ayrı olduğu ve 1707 tarihli Birlik Yasası (Act of Union) ile korunduğu belirtilmektedir. "the act of Union of 1707 within title 19 of this active Union specifically it noted that while Scotland was to join with England in the united in the United Kingdom in in the establishment of Great Britain Scots law the Scottish legal system would be preserved within Scotland".

1. Dersin Kapsamı:

• Dersin, belirli bir hukuk alanına (örneğin, aile hukuku veya ceza hukuku) odaklanmak yerine, hukukun genel olarak nasıl yönetildiğini ve yapıldığını inceleyeceği belirtilmektedir.
• Dersin temel konuları şunlardır:
• İngiltere ve Galler'deki hukuk kaynakları (parlamento, içtihat hukuku, uluslararası hukuk, Avrupa Birliği hukuku). "the first major Topic in this series is going to look at the sources of law within England and Wales"
• Mahkemeler ve yargı organları (mahkeme yapısı, yargıçların atanması, yargı bağımsızlığı). "we will then in our second topic talk about the idea of Courts and tribunals"
• Hukuk sistemindeki profesyoneller (avukatlar, solicitor'ler) ve adalete erişim sorunları (hukuki yardım, finansman). "in the final major topic we're going to talk about the role of professionals within the legal system that we live in as well as the access to justice issues that exist"

1. Devolüsyon (Yetki Devri):

• Galler Hükümeti Yasası gibi yeni İşçi Partisi tarafından getirilen mevzuatın, Galler'de İngiltere ve Galler'den ayrı olarak yapılan yasaların yapılmasına yol açtığına değiniliyor. Devolüsyonun önemi ve etkisi gelecekteki derslerde ele alınacaktır.

Önemli Alıntılar:

• "when we talk about the study of the English legal system we are referring to a very specific thing and we are not referring to things such as for example Scots law"
• "the law of England and Wales is considered to be separate too for example the law of Scotland and Scotch law"
• "essentially what this course will do is provide you with a detailed examination of the English legal system"

Sonuç:

Bu ders, İngiltere ve Galler hukuk sisteminin temel bir anlayışını sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Hukuk kaynakları, mahkeme yapısı ve hukuk profesyonellerinin rolleri gibi temel konuları kapsayacaktır. Bu ders, öğrencilerin diğer hukuk alanlarını daha iyi anlamaları için gerekli temeli oluşturacaktır.

1. The "English Legal System" specifically refers to the legal framework operating in \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.

2. The UK is made up of different countries each having their own \_\_\_\_\_\_.

3. England and Wales have had merged and co-developing legal systems since around the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

4. Recent \_\_\_\_\_\_, particularly in Wales, has led to the creation of laws specific to that country.

5. Scotland maintains a separate legal system rooted in the Act of \_\_\_\_\_\_ of \_\_\_\_\_\_.

6. The series will cover the sources of law, the court system, and the \_\_\_\_\_\_ involved.

7. The course focuses on the general \_\_\_\_\_\_ and creation of law, rather than specific areas of law.

8. A good foundation in the English Legal System will assist students in their further study of specific areas of \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Bu soruların cevapları şunlardır:

1. England, Wales

2. legal system

3. 1200s

4. devolution

5. Union, 1707

6. legal professionals

7. administration

8. law